All 13 History topics for AQA GCSE, grouped the way the exam is. Each topic has a few flashcards to test yourself; the full sets are free in Socrates AI.
When did Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicate?
9 November 1918.
Why was the new republic called the Weimar Republic?
Its constitution was drawn up in Weimar in 1919, because Berlin was too dangerous.
Give two strengths of the Weimar Constitution.
Everyone over 20 could vote, including women, and it guaranteed rights such as free speech.
What was the full name of the Nazi Party?
The National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP).
How did the Wall Street Crash of October 1929 affect Germany?
American loans were recalled, businesses collapsed and unemployment rose to about 6 million by 1932.
How many Reichstag seats did the Nazis win in 1928, 1930 and July 1932?
12 in 1928, 107 in 1930 and 230 in July 1932, making them the largest party.
Revise all 20 The Nazi rise to power, 1929–34 flashcards free →
What was the SS?
The Schutzstaffel, originally Hitler's bodyguard, led by Heinrich Himmler; it became the Nazis' main force for terror and ran the concentration camps.
What was the Gestapo?
The Nazi secret police, who used informers, arrests and torture to find and remove opponents.
When and where was the first Nazi concentration camp opened?
Dachau, near Munich, in March 1933.
Revise all 21 Life in Nazi Germany, 1933–39 flashcards free →
Who was the last Tsar of Russia?
Nicholas II.
What was Bloody Sunday (January 1905)?
Troops fired on peaceful protesters led by Father Gapon outside the Winter Palace in St Petersburg, killing many.
What did the October Manifesto (1905) promise?
An elected parliament (the Duma) and civil rights, which split the Tsar's opponents.
Revise all 21 Russia: revolution and civil war, 1905–24 flashcards free →
What post did Stalin hold that helped him win power?
General Secretary of the Communist Party (from 1922), which let him appoint his supporters to key posts.
What was Lenin's Testament?
Lenin's notes warning that Stalin was too rude and should be removed; it was not published.
How did Stalin defeat Trotsky?
He used his control of the party, presented Trotsky as divisive, and allied first with Zinoviev and Kamenev; Trotsky was expelled and exiled in 1929.
Revise all 21 Stalin's Soviet Union, 1924–41 flashcards free →
Give three causes of the US economic boom in the 1920s.
Mass production, new industries (cars, electrical goods), hire purchase and credit, advertising, and Republican policies of low tax and tariffs.
How did Henry Ford change car production?
He used the moving assembly line (from 1913), cutting the price of the Model T so millions could buy one.
What was laissez-faire?
The Republican policy that government should interfere as little as possible in business and the economy.
Revise all 21 The USA, 1919–41: boom, bust and the New Deal flashcards free →
When and where was Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated?
28 June 1914 in Sarajevo, Bosnia, by Gavrilo Princip.
Which countries formed the Triple Entente before 1914?
Britain, France and Russia.
Which countries formed the Triple Alliance before 1914?
Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy.
Revise all 21 The First World War, 1914–18 flashcards free →
When was the Treaty of Versailles signed?
28 June 1919.
Who were the 'Big Three' at the Paris Peace Conference?
Woodrow Wilson (USA), Georges Clemenceau (France) and David Lloyd George (Britain).
What did Clemenceau want from the peace settlement?
A harsh treaty that weakened Germany so it could never attack France again, plus reparations for the damage to France.
When was the League of Nations set up and where was its headquarters?
1920, in Geneva, Switzerland.
Which major power never joined the League?
The USA, because the US Senate refused to join.
What were the main aims of the League?
To keep peace through collective security, encourage disarmament, and improve living and working conditions worldwide.
Revise all 20 The League of Nations, 1920–39 flashcards free →
When did Hitler become Chancellor of Germany?
30 January 1933.
What were Hitler's main foreign policy aims?
Overturn the Treaty of Versailles, unite all German speakers (Grossdeutschland), and gain living space (Lebensraum) in the east.
How did Hitler break the Versailles military limits in 1935?
He announced conscription and rearmament, including a new air force (the Luftwaffe).
Revise all 21 The road to the Second World War, 1933–39 flashcards free →
What was the Cold War?
A period of tension and rivalry between the USA and the USSR from about 1945 to 1991, without direct full-scale war between them.
What were the two ideologies of the Cold War?
Capitalism and democracy (USA) against communism and one-party rule (USSR).
Who attended the Yalta Conference in February 1945?
Roosevelt (USA), Churchill (Britain) and Stalin (USSR).
Revise all 21 The origins of the Cold War, 1945–49 flashcards free →
Why did the Korean War begin in June 1950?
Communist North Korea invaded South Korea.
How did the USA and the UN respond to the invasion of South Korea?
A UN force led by the USA under MacArthur pushed the North back; China then joined the war and it ended in stalemate with an armistice in 1953.
What happened in Hungary in 1956?
Imre Nagy's government planned reforms, including leaving the Warsaw Pact; Soviet tanks crushed the uprising in November 1956.
Who was John Snow?
A doctor who showed in 1854 that cholera spread through contaminated water, by mapping deaths around the Broad Street pump in London.
What did Louis Pasteur discover?
Germ theory (1861): microorganisms (germs) cause decay and disease.
What did Robert Koch discover?
Methods to identify specific bacteria, including those causing anthrax, tuberculosis (1882) and cholera (1883).
Revise all 22 Medicine and public health, c1848–c1948 flashcards free →
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